Hose.



No. 834,07 PATENTED OCT. 23, 1906.

- J. s. PATTERSON.

HOSE.

APPLICATION II'LED AUG. 30. 1905.

WITNESSES: v fl lNVENTORz f -mzw g To all whom/it may concern..-

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

a ,JOHN s. PATTERSON; oF CHELSEA. MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR To JAMES s.WILSON, or CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.

HOSE... I

Y No. 834,074.

' Be it known that I, JOHN S. PATTERSON, a

citizen ofjthe United States, residing at Chelsea, 1n the county ofSufi'olk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Hose, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rubber or analogous hose of the kindhaving'core's or strengthening-webs of textile fabric.

Prior to this invention rubber hosehas been chiefly of three kinds'ortypesnamely,

first, fabric hose, comprising-a fiat web of woven fabric saturated withrubber-or composition and wound on a mandrel for as manyturns as givethe number of thicknesses desired to make, for example, two y,three-ply, or four-ply hose; second',.

- gle shuttle is used, and the pitch of which increases with a givensize of weft in direct proportion to' the number of shuttles, so thatwith a four-shuttle loom the weft has quite a perceptible pitch. Witheach of these kinds of hose there io ordinarily an inner 1min tube ofrubber and an outer covering of ru ber or rubber composition, oftenprotected externall b Y a layer of friction fabric. With eachkin a sothetextile core is usually so impregnated with rubber or the like as to beimpervious, and 1n case of two or more la ers or plies of textile fabricthese are unite by the impre ating composition or by an intervening ayerof rubber or other cementing material.

The fabric hose has in the ast been the most extensively used, The falie is ordinaril y cut'on the bias, so.that it is applied with its warpand weft threads extending obliquely to the hose. It is sometimes also aplied with its threads extending lon 'tudinall transversely of the hose.he disa vantages of fabric hose are that it is unsymmetrical and with'abias fabric is liable to swell Specification of Letters Patent.-

Application filed August30,1905. Serial No. 276.387-

' but this m and ' Patented Oct. 23, 1906 by reason of the steep spiralof itstextilethreads it swells under pressure and if loosely braidedalso stretches endwise. In some instances it is found to swelltransversely and shorten endwise under pressure. YBraided hose isintrinsically weak and incapable of successfully sustaining a materialinternal pressure.

The most perfect hoseheretofore made and stretch under ressure, and foruse with has beenthe woven hose.- It is very strong,

does not ex and or swell under pressure, and ordinaril incapab' ity ofex anding,'howe%er, renders it almost impossi le to force the shank of acoupling into it without injuring, it, which in oes not stretch orshorten. Its

practice is. a serious disadvantage. It also.

1s subject to a tendency totwist under pressure, owin to the fact thatits weft-threads are applie spirally. This tendency would be practicallyeliminated or scarcely erceptible if the core were woven with on y a.

single shuttle lying on a single weft, because of the lowpitch of thespiral of, such weft;

es its production so slow as to be unduly expensive. It is desirable tooperate the circular loom with at least four shuttles,

and. referably with eight shuttles, sincethere y with a given speed ofrotation. the hOSB lS woven four times or eightptimes as fast as wouldbe the case with a single shuttle; but the use of four wefts gives sucha percepti ble pitch that the hose exhibits a ve annoymg twist underpressure. This efect is much more marked with eight wefts and becomes soannoying that theuse of ei ht shuttles is ractically interdicted. hesteeper pitch 1s due to the combined'width of the wefts for one turn,being (according to i the number of shuttles) four or eight times thewidth of a single w'eft.

My present invention relates to Woven hose of two or more plies and aimsto avoid "the tendency. of the hose to twist under pressure and toimpart to it sufficient elastic ty :to enable it to receive the shank ofa coupling without injury, while avoiding any weakening of the hose inits resistance to internal pressure.

To these ends my invention provides as the reinforcing means acombination of two (or more) layers or plies of woven fabric each of thecharacter produced by weaving on a circular loomthat is to say, each haslongitudinal warps and spiral wefts, the wefts of one fabric or webbeing right-hand and those of the other being left-hand spirals. Theweft spirals should be of equal pitch in order that the tendency of aninternal pressure to impart a right-hand twist to one web shall beneutralized by its tendency to impart an equal left-hand twist to theother web. To this end the two webs or textile layers are interengaging,being so united that neither can move or twist under pressure indeendently of the other. This is best done y cementin them together by anintervening layer 0 rubber composition.

While my invention is embodied in a twoply hose, it is not limitedthereto ,since there may be two, three, or more layers of tubular wovenfabric with their wefts extended spirally in alternately oppositedirections, so as to mutually'resist and neutralize the twistingtendency of one another.

While my invention might be realized in a hose the woven layers of whichhave each but a single weft-thread, yet it is preferable that the weftsbe spirals of steeper pitch, and preferably at least as steep as thatcorres ending to the use of four wefts or to the emp oyment of fourshuttles in the loom. My lnvention goes further, however, andcontemplates the employment of-eight or even more shuttles, depending,however, upon the size and diameter of the hose, in order that theweft-threads may be laid on in a spiral of a sufficiently steep pitch toimpart a certain amount of elasticity or ex ansibility under internalpressure, but wit out permitting the hose to materially yield to thispressure.

. My invention avoids both extremes of pitch heretofore usednamely, thenearly zero pitch of a single weft in a woven hose, on the one hand, andthe approximately fortyfive-degree pitch of the respective threads inthe core of a braided hose. Such number of shuttles as will afford aitch for the weftthreads varying between ve degrees and ten degrees to aplaneperpendicular to the axis of the hose will be found to best realizethe conditions of m invention. Take, for example, a hose 0 two inchesinternal diameter with its fabric core woven with eight shuttles, usinga thread of the size ordinarily used givingabout sixteen meshes to theinch, the pitch of the wefts will be about seven degrees, and this willbe found in practice to give excellent results. This or approximatelythis pitch affords a slight capacity of expansion, sufficient,especially when accompanied by a longitudinal com ressive strain, toenable the shank or thimb e of a cou ling to be forced into the end ofthe hose wit iout bursting or injurin it, since the wefts are therebyforced bac upon themselves to a spiral of lower pitch, accompanied by acorresponding lateral expansion, which is most marked in the inner layeror core and is partly taken up by the intervening layer or tube ofrubber commonly provided between the webs or cores.

Having thus indicated the nature of myinvention, 1 will now proceed todescribe in detail one embodiment thereof with reference to theaccompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is an elevation of my improvedhose, artly dissected away to show its successive ayers, the hose hereshown having a two-ply core. Fig. 2 is a transverse section thereof onthe line 2 2 in Fig. 1, showin a four-weft fabric woven upon thelining-tn e. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 3 3, showing theinner and middle fabric layers woven on. Fi .4 is a transverse sectionon the line 4 4. Fi 5 is a dissected elevation showing a four-p y hose.Fig. 6 is a transverse section thereof on the line 6 6, showing aneight-weft fabric woven upon the liningtube.

In the drawings the illustration of the woven fabrics is partlyconventional and is not to be taken as a mathematically exact portrayalthereof.

In the drawings,let A designate the usual inner or lining tube, which iscommonly made of pure rubber. Around this is woven the inner fabriclayer B. Around this is applied a layer of any cementitious material,-

preferably a layer C of rubber. Around this is woven a layer B offabric, the wefts of which are pitched in the contrary direction to thatof the fabric B. For a two-ply hose the outer covering D will be at onceapplied, as shown in Fig. 1, but for a three-ply or fourply hose anotherlayer C of rubber is applied over the fabric B, and over this is wound athird fabric layer B. For a fourply hose another layer C of rubber isapplied, and over this a fourth layer B of fabric is woven on, and,finally, the outer coverin layer D is applied in the usual manner. T efabric layers B B B B are woven on successively by means of an ordinarycircular loom, using as many shuttles as are necessary to impart to thewefts the desirable pitch or inclination. When the layers of hose arethus united, the hose is cured or vulcanized in the usual manner,whereby the layers are thoroughly and permanently cemented together.

In two-pl hose the outer and inner fabric layers shou d have their weftsof equal and opposite itch. This is done preferably by usin we ts of thesame size and an equal num er of shuttles running in contrarydirecterially shorten under pressure.

tions. For a three-ply hose the two inner layers may thus equally opposeeach other, and being ordinarily of sufficient stren th to resist anyinternal pressure for whic the hose is designed to, be used the outerfabric layer or coremay have some other or differbe applied accordingto.

ent pitch or ma some other or di erent system or of different materialwithout affecting -my invention. Preferably, however, the outer layer iswoven on like the others .and has itswefts pitched contrary to those ofthe next inner layer. Any'number of textile layers may be used,

according to the degree of strength required.

.My improved hose is non-twisting and practically non-expansible anddoes not ma- If made with the wefts of asuitable pitchsay from sevendegreesup to any practicable liniit-it is given a suflicientexpansibility to enable it to receive the hose-coupling shanks withoutinjury. The "hose has the utmostpliability consistent with the requisitestrength, and as its layers are wholly distinct leakage through eitherone of the rubber tubes or layersA C does not result in any spiralburrowing of the contained fluid nor in any leakage or disruption of thehose.

While I have described my invention as applied to hose, it will beunderstood that it may be used in the manufacture of other devicessuch,for instance, as electric cables or the like.

' I claim as my invention the following-defined novel featuressubstantially as hereinbefore specified, namely: I

1. A hose comprising two tubular woven interenga ing Webs, the onewithin the other,

each having longitudinal warps and spiral wefts, and the wefts of saidwebs being respectively right and left spirals.

2; A hose coir prising two tubular woven interengaging webs, the onewithin the other, each having longitudinal warps and spiral wefts, andthe wefts of said-webs being respectively right and left spirals ofequal pitch.

3. interengaging webs, the one within the other, each havinglongitudinal'warps and spiral wefts, the latter four or more in numberfor A hose comprising two tubular woven each Web, and the wefts of saidwebs being sai webs being spirals of opposite pitch.

.In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presenceof twosubscribing witnesses.

JOHN s. PATTERSON.

Witnessesz EUGENE V. MYERS, THEODORE T. SNELL.

